Hatshepsut vs Ramses Ii

RamsesII V. S Hatshepsut 2012 ashley P = 6 Ms. Fiorante 1/1/2012 RamsesII: The extraordinary pharaoh 1279 B. C †1213 B. C Hatshepsut: The main ladies pharaoh 1479 B. C †1457 B. C Intro If somebody were to request that I name a celebrated pharaoh of antiquated Egypt, a portion of the names that would strike a chord would be Hatshepsut and Ramses II. For what reason would these names cup up in my brain it’s on the grounds that Hatshepsut was the principal ladies pharaoh. Next, Ramses II came up to my brain since he was covered with the greater part of his items.If you wonder what is RamsesII of Hatshepsut . I prescribe you to kick back and read on. I sure you will discover your answer. Body#1 Hatshepsut was well known for some things. Do you know why she is popular well on the off chance that you don’t know its alright? She was the primary ladies pharaoh!!! Hatshepsut was eager to try and wear man garments and a bogus facial hair so the Egyptian individuals pay attention to her. Likewise, Hatshepsut expanded exchange as well. She passes on in the year 1457 B. C, nobody knows how she truly kicks the bucket yet it was between murders or passed on of old age.The reason for us not knowing how she bites the dust was, on the grounds that ThumoseIII attempting to delete the name in history however it was a fall flat. Body#2 RamsesII was acclaimed for some things. Do you know why he is renowned well in the event that you don’t know its alright? He was a Great War pioneer!!! RamsesII vanquished 40,000 Hittites. Additionally, RamsesII sign the harmony settlement with the Hittites until his passing. Legend says that he had 100 youngsters. He kick the bucket in the year 1213B. C, he kick the bucket at the age 86. RamsesII was an incredible pioneer. Body#3 My Pharaoh Who is the better pharaoh for me you may ask.Well for me I figure it will be Hatshepsut. Well I picked Hatshepsut in light of the fact that she is a woman. Additionally, she increme nt and exchange with request clans. In conclusion she is happy to do numerous thing for the individuals pay attention to her . finishing up Hatshepsut is a superior chief for me. End Today we find out around two pharaohs Hatshepsut and RamsesII. Models, Hatshepsut was the main ladies pharaoh. An another model is RamsesII crushed 40,000 Hittites. Likewise, RamsesII sign the harmony settlement with the Hittites and went on until his passing. Today we learn numerous thing and I need to bid farewell and thank for perusing.

Clinton Essay Example For Students

Clinton Essay President William Jefferson Clinton is the third president in our countries history to confront the Constitutional danger of prosecution and just the subsequent president to ever be arraigned by the United States House of Representatives. The House of Representatives impugned Andrew Johnson in 1868 for disregarding the Tenure of Office Act of 1867, when he attempted to remove the Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton (Short History). Richard M. Nixon left the Presidency before he was accused of criminal scheme in the Watergate Scandal (Short History). Article II, Section 4 of the Constitution sets the reason for denunciation. The Constitution expresses, The President, Vice President, and all other Civil Officers of the United States, will be expelled from the workplace on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other horrific acts and Misdemeanors (Renstrom 458). The Clinton reprimand preliminary is not normal for the Johnson and Nixon cases since he didn't ignite intra-administrative clashes as did Johnson, nor did he partake in a criminal intrigue as Nixon did. A few Democrats question if the Clinton Articles of Impeachment were legitimate as indicated by the Constitution. William Clinton started his initial political profession the same number of legislators do. He was a brilliant understudy during his time in secondary school, school, lastly graduate school. A Rhodes researcher and Yale Law School graduate; Clinton appeared to be on the correct street to progress. He filled in as Arkansas Attorney General, and he likewise filled in as Governor of that state for 5 terms. Clinton resuscitated the Democratic Party and drove it to two terms of White House control by winning the administration. Clintons ascend to control went astray when he was blamed for explicitly irritating a previous Arkansas state representative named Paula Jones (L.A. Times). Jones previously stood in opposition to Clinton in 1994, yet it was not until January of 1998 that the President would need to respond to inquiries with all due respect against Jones. It was likewise as of now that the free board, Kenneth Starr, who had been examining Clinton for the Whitewater Real Estate unde rtaking, presently professed to grow his examination. Starr affirmed that a 24-year old White House assistant named Monica Lewinsky had been approached to lie, in the provocation case including Jones. In the allegation, it likewise said she was asked by Vernon Jordan, a dear companion of the president, and Mr. Clinton himself (L.A. Times). Starr started to explore further until he had enough proof against the President. On September ninth, 1998, Kenneth Starr conveyed an express, 453-paged report to the House of Representatives (Short History) For a president to be indicted there must initially be a proper allegation raised by the House of Represtatives. Article I, Section 2 or the Constitution expresses that, The House of Representatives will have the sole Power of Impeachment (Renstrom 452). By December twelfth, 1998, the House Judiciary Committee had affirmed four denunciation articles that would go to the floor of the House for a vote. The charges were as per the following: Perj ury before a Grand Jury, Perjury in the Paula Jones case, Obstruction of Justice, and an Abuse of Power (U.S. News 23). Despite the fact that the presidents attorneys had made a sensible showing with shielding him before the House Judiciary Committee, the articles passed on the grounds that most of panel individuals were Republicans, Predominant Congressional Democratic pioneers like Senate Majority pioneer, Tom Daschle and House Minority pioneer Richard Gephardt looked for a Congressional reproach for President Clinton rather than a full denunciation. Be that as it may, the Democrats obtained a rebuff goals for Clinton before the vote occurred in the House of Representatives (U.S. News 21). .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 , .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .postImageUrl , .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 , .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:hover , .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:visited , .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:active { border:0!important; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:active , .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:hover { murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u997947b07505f ecb1b01c599e87bb191 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Tell story heart basic analy EssayFor any of the articles to pass, a greater part of the House was vital. Place of Representatives Resolution 611, the indictment of William Jefferson Clinton for horrific acts and Misdemeanors, occurred on December nineteenth. The 435-part House of Representatives decided in favor of two of the four reprimand articles; Obstruction of Justice, and Perjury before the Grand Jury (U.S. News 22). The prevarication charge against Clinton passed 228-206, and the hindrance of equity charge passed 221-212 (Houston Chronicle). In spite of the fact that the House Republicans had won a triumph by having two Articles of Impeachment endorsed, the Senate would hear the rest of the body of evidence against President Clinton. As expressed in Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution, The Senate will have the sole capacity to attempt all Impeachments. This area of the Constitution additionally sets up certain rules that the Senate must follow. The Senate must go about as the jury and Be on vow, or assertion. Likewise, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is told to direct the preliminary. No individual will be indicted without the simultaneousness of 66% of the individuals present relates to the number it takes to arrive at a conviction (Renstrom 452). On January seventh, Republicans talked about how the preliminary would continue, which went on for seven days. On January fourteenth, the 13 examiners of the case, called prosecution preliminary administrators, began their initial remarks. The preliminary administrators were Republican Representatives that served on the House Judiciary Commi ttee. Board of trustees Chairman, Henry Hyde, was likewise the head trail chief. Alongside Mr. Hyde were Representatives Bob Barr from Georgia, Charles Canandy from Florida, Lindsey Graham from South Carolina, Asa Hutchinson from Arkansas, James Sensenbrenner from Wisconsin, Steve Buyer from Indiana, George Gekas from Pennsylvania, Ed Bryant from Tennessee, Bill McCollum from Florida, Steve Chabot from Ohio, Christopher Cannon from Utah, and James Rogan from California. This all-male, all Republican group contended that evacuating the President was important to ensure the standard of law and protect the pledge of trust between the President and the Country (Clinton Under Fire). The legal counselors that protected Clinton were Chief White House Counsel Charles Ruff, David Kendall, Cheryl Mills, Nicole Seigelman, and previous Senator Dale Bumpers. Boss Justice Rehnquist administered the preliminary as taught by the Constitution. Already, Rehnquist had composed a record of the Andrew Johnson denunciation trail called Grand Inquests (Clinton Under Fire). The chief clash among Republicans and Democrats in this preliminary rotated around witnesses. Initially, the House supervisors looked for Monica Lewinsky to affirm, alongside Vernon Jordan, and Sidney Blumenthal. Jordan was acquired in light of the fact that he had as far as anyone knows asked Lewinsky to lie under during the Paula Jones case, denying that she had any sexual relations with President Clinton. The preliminary supervisors felt that by having Sidney Blumenthal as an observer would help the body of evidence against Clintons impediment of equity charge (Clinton Under Fire). For about a month, Republicans and Democrats pitched their techniques for winning. On February twelfth, following three days of pondering, the Senate arrived at a decision. President Clinton was absolved on all charges. It is normal conviction that the Republicans preformed inadequately in this preliminary. They controlled the Senate by 10 seats and didn't get a greater part on either charge. The charge of prevarication was a 50-50 split vote. The check of equity charge was 45 for conviction, and 55 against conviction (Houston Chronicle). Regardless of whether President Clinton acted in an indecent manner towards Monica Lewinsky didn't have all the earmarks of being as significant as the way that he had deceived the American individuals. Is it safe to say that he was genuinely blameworthy of the indictment charges brought against him? Clinton rose up out of

More than 9000 reasons

More than 9000 reasons Hi, prefrosh! I assume that the bulk of our audience right now is students who are thinking about joining the class of 2015, and/or those admitted who dont mind the expense of traveling to boston for the weekend in exchange for free food. Which is totally an okay thing to do, by the way. When Olin College of Engineering asked me if I wanted to attend their candidates weekend, an event similar to CPW with the major difference that the attendees have not been and will not all be admitted (in my mind, I viewed it as elimination round 2, and was hoping for Survivor-esque challenges during the weekend), I gave them an answer that somewhat sealed my fate. They were running out of space for Candidates Weekend, and so basically asked me would you like to be considered for a spot, or have you made a decision to go elsewhere? I had been accepted to MIT about three weeks prior, and my decision was only between MIT and Olin; I asked my friends at Olin about Candidates Weekend and sent the administrative d00d something along the lines of the following: Well, I am leaning towards attending MIT, but Id like to attend CW if possible. I heard we get to make really cool t-shirts*. Id like to go, but if theres somebody who is not leaning towards MIT, I dont want to take their spot * I do not think this sentence, or anything resembling it, was in my actual e-mail; however, it was on the tip of my tongue at the time. That was an absolutely stupid thing of me to do, but I guess it reflects the state of my mind at that point in my senior year; I believed I was torn between Olin and MIT, but subconsciously had selected MIT from the moment of my acceptance. Fortunately, they saw that I wasnt a good fit for Olin / probably not going to go, and gave the spot to someone else; I was that much sadder for my lack of awesome t-shirts. However, I have good news about MIT! If youre coming to CPW, you *can* do this! Come, take our free t-shirts, take our food! Take the class of 2014! We ask nothing in return except that you have an awesome weekend. (Fine, you cant actually take the class of 2014. I think they might object to that.) Still looking for a good reason to be excited SCRATCH THAT I MEAN ABSOLUTELY PUMPED about CPW? For reasons that make me no less of a manly man, I happened to have two stuffed animals on my bed, conveniently placed in the following arrangement; working at my desk one afternoon, I turned around to observe the following. I present to you: 9000 reasons to come to CPW! Yes, once again, I am schmoozing you (and incorrectly using that word; please dont send Chris Hansen and an NBC camera crew after me) with pictures of Vincents cat. I still dont know its name; I still call it cat. By the following metrics, this picture is 9000 reasons to come to CPW: A picture is arbitrarily worth 1000 words. A cat is supposed to have nine lives; we postulate that these increase ninefold the value of a single cat and items relating to the aforementioned cat. For their cuteness, captionability, and utility in monorail transportation systems, cats and pictures thereof are the Supreme Currency of These Here Internets In Internet Currency, this is 9000 reasons! Combined with the other reasons given in this post (which you most definitely read, rather than choosing to skip down immediately to the picture of fuzzy cuteness, right?), that makes for Over 9000 Reasons the Cardinal Intraweb Number to be wanting-to-be-at-CPW. SO WHY ARENT YOU HERE YET? See you this weekend!

Interview with a Bilingual - 1929 Words

INTRODUCTION This report presents an interview with a bilingual called H.D . H.D. is a daughter of a Turkish immigrant family who lived in Australia for 12 years .H.D. gives examples from her personal life about how she became bilingual background , the challenges of second language acquisition , benefits and the role of languages in her life. H.D was asked the following questions : (a) Could you please explain how you became bilingual? (b) Could you describe the bilingual environment you grew up in? (c) Which language do you feel more confident in speaking? And why? (d) How did you develop your reading and writing skills in both languages and what kind of challenges did you face during the learning process? (e) How did you feel as†¦show more content†¦H.D.’s answer was interesting: â€Å"I think I just picked up both languages simultaneously and it was always pretty natural for me to speak two languages. I don’t remember getting confused however my parents sometimes did some tricks ,like pretending not to understand English , which forced me to use Turkish. We were regularly in contact with other Turkish families living in Melbourne . I also attended Turkish classes on the weekends for a couple of years. These usually strengthened my abilities in Turkish language, and also my familiarization in Turkish culture and values.† This situation also supports the statement of Lyon(1996) that children become bilingual across the world in many communities and this can play a major part in the families into which they are born, and in their later lives at school. Bilingualism occurs within complex, multi-layered context, but from the child’s point of view the family is where it all begins. H.D adds: â€Å" I learned to read and write in English first, mainly at school, but later I attended Saturday school for Turkish lessons. This did cause a little confusion for me at first when I started to read and write in Turkish because it is spelt very phonetically. It has extra alphabetic letters such â€Å" à §, ÄŸ , Ä ±, à ¶, ÅŸ , à ¼Ã¢â‚¬  and does not have â€Å"w† and â€Å"x† sounds. I also couldn’t understand why the verbs were at the end of the sentence instead of in the middle like in English. This problem was solved with myShow MoreRelatedBilingual Education Is Important For Students944 Words   |  4 PagesFor this investigative assignment, I interviewed three of my closest friends about their perspectives on bilingual education in the United States. One of my friends, who I will call â€Å"A,† said that bilingual education is important for students because it helps them broaden their perspectives on the world. Students are e xposed to learn different cultures and respect them, promoting multiculturalism in our country. â€Å"A† said that if students were only exposed to English-only classroom setting, they wouldRead MoreThe Goal Of Bilingual Education Programs1484 Words   |  6 PagesMichelle Barajas August 31, 2017 Education Code Webquest 1. What is the goal of bilingual education programs? Of ESL programs? How are the goals different/alike? (89.1201) The goals of a bilingual education programs are to help English language learners learn in their native language to develop literacy skill and academic knowledge through listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills that will help them learn the English language and later transition to an all English instruction classroom.Read MoreThe Development Of Bilingual Literacy Practices771 Words   |  4 Pagesresearchers performed a series of observations and video recording over a period of one year. This observations took place during various community events. The discussion of the findings develops through a framework to understand the development of bilingual literacy practices in a minoritized context. The authors found a blend of traditional Aboriginal practices with contemporary teaching methodology. Elders and parents re-appropriate their own ancestral language, and reshaped the language classroomRead MoreEssay on The Roots of Bilingual Education1129 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ro ots of Bilingual Education A historical perspective on bilingual education is written in the article Bilingual Education Traces its U.S. Roots to the Colonial Era in the magazine Education Week. The author begins by writing, Bilingual education has been part of the immigrant experience in America since the Colonial periods, when native-language schooling was the rule rather than the exception (21). When immigrant groups settled in the United States they taught their childrenRead MoreShould English For Replace Bilingual Education1483 Words   |  6 Pagesclassified as being limited in English proficiency. Most of these students came from homes where only Spanish was spoken by their parents and other family members living with them. I have chosen to do my research on â€Å"Should English immersions replace bilingual education†. This topic interested me as soon as I saw it because it is something I can relate to. When I was a child, my parents brought my brother and I to the United States. We live d right across the border from Eagle Pass, Texas which is whereRead MoreThe Benefits of Being Bilingual689 Words   |  3 PagesA new graduate from college walks into a job interview with a business degree. 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However, when they grow up they start to speak. EspeciallyRead MoreCafs Irp975 Words   |  4 PagesIn my opinion bilingualism plays a major role in the educational development of children. This is because research has shown that children who are fluent in their home language are more successful in learning a second language. Furthermore, being bilingual offers greater sensitivity to language, more flexibility in thinking and better ear for listening. It also improves a child’s understanding for the native language. Moreover, knowledge of other languages increases a career of opportunities offeringRead MoreLanguage Barrier: Bilingual Education vs. English Immersion Essay examples1246 Words   |  5 PagesBilingual teaching in American schools is it good, bad, or both? Who is right in this national debate? Both sides make some impressive arguments for their side of the issue. Even the government has mixed issues when it comes to bilingual teaching. However, the government has shown their views in their budgets and their law making. Another question comes up with the bilingual teaching is should America make English its official language? Some say there is no need for it, and yet 22 states asRead MoreDual Immersion Program : A Innovative Bilingual Education Program1348 Words   |  6 PagesDual Immersion Program is one of the innovative bilingual education program, meaning what develops the high levels of academic proficiency in the students on both learning languages (Thomas and Collier 2002; Lindholm-Leary 2001)4. Other common used terminology used for one of the variations of this type of prog ram model is Dual Language Program, Dual Language Immersion, Two-way Dual Language, One-way Dual Language, Partial Immersion, Full Immersion, etc. The instructional model of DIP promotes the

Movie Analysis Goodwill Essay - 1422 Words

To set the tone for the following prose introduction, I’d like to draw a comparison: as a short fiction writer and ex-violin player, notes on sheet music and words on blank paper are similar. Our creativity often urges us to add that absurd simile, or abrupt forte. Hence, a writer or composer’s best work is put forth when she allows her ideas flow unrestrained, unfiltered. Forcing rhyme or meter potentially makes a poet’s work insincere and awkward. Therefore, the poems below may give the impression of being â€Å"manufactured† or â€Å"carefully constructed according to a formula.† That impression is not wrong: if something sounds forced, it probably was deliberately put in to imitate another poet’s stylistic choices, and if anything sounds natural, it was added in because my â€Å"gut† felt that was the correct choice. In other words, the following annotations are all afterthoughts of sorts. Before picking apart the main stylistic fe atures in â€Å"Goodwill,† I will provide some â€Å"intellectual† context about the poem that may not be supplied in the diction. â€Å"Goodwill† is a news and persona poem that is based on a South Korean news article released on November 6, 2016 (hence the epigraph) about the following incident: an elderly man purchased a puppy and kitten, and when he tried bringing them into a motel and was denied entry because of his new pets, he dropped both animals from his hands. As the poem hints, the kitten died, and the puppy was grievously injured, and the man was releasedShow MoreRelatedThe Business Rivalry Of The Cinema Industry921 Words   |  4 Pagesmade profitable returns out of their investments. The cinema sector was protected because a movie was first premiered in a theatre before people could watch it in electronic media platforms in their houses. 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He makes most of his decisions by weighing the cost and benefits, which may be referred to as Kant’s principle the â€Å"end justifies the means†.Analysis of Wigand if he had to disclose the information results in benefits for the good of the public, secondRead MoreSwot Analysis of Netflix1144 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT analysis for Netflix: Strengths: 1. Proprietary technology. Netflix has proprietary technology system to stream TV shows and movies and also including processing delivery and return DVDs. This specific system makes the business in Netflix more efficiency. 2. Goodwill and brand value. Netflix is a company with reputation. It has 15 years experiences and has a good deal of loyal consumers. 3. Competitive price. The service is in expensive in Netflix. It just cost 8 dollar perRead MoreSwot Analysis of Netflix1128 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT analysis for Netflix: Strengths: 1. Proprietary technology. 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TheRead MoreBlockbuster Netflix Case Analysis1533 Words   |  7 PagesDEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTANCY MEMORANDUM SUBJECT: Blockbuster/Netflix Case Analysis Introduction In this memorandum, I will analyze the competitive environment that Blockbuster and Netflix faced, state the key income statement and balance sheet accounts for each firm and use ratios (including DuPont model) to draw comparisons between the two firms in 2008. Competitive Environment Blockbuster is an American-based chain of VHS, DVD, Blu-Ray, and videoRead MoreThis Paper Will Discuss The Nfl Concussion Scandal And1435 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will discuss the NFL Concussion Scandal and analysis of the ethical issues regarding the scandal. American football has always been defined as a contact sport. Individuals know before playing the sport that they take on the risk of physical harm to their bodies. However, concussions and other repetitive head-blows could end in death and permanent damage. Also, American football has been shown to be the cause of chronic traumatic encephalopathy(CTE), which can lead to suicidal thoughtsRead MoreThe History Of Neighborhood In San Francisco1172 Words   |  5 Pageswant to start up new businesses. Although, in the long run this will be useful for Excelsior ´s economy in the next couple of years where multiple new businesses will start up. For example, in the article it stated a historic movie palace opened in 1921 wa s converted into a Goodwill store. Tesla Gave Some Florida Drivers Some Battery Juice After Hurricane One of the most innovative corporations in the world, Tesla gave Florida residents that were in danger of Hurricane Irma a generous surprise. To further

A Visit to the Zoo Free Essays

A visit to a zoo is one of the most enthralling and exciting things. It is an interesting way to let the children see animals, which they cannot see otherwise. A visit to a zoo is an entertaining activity not just for children but also for adults as it increases their knowledge and makes them wonder at the marvellous of nature. We will write a custom essay sample on A Visit to the Zoo or any similar topic only for you Order Now During our educational tour to Delhi, last month, we were also taken to the zoo as it is near the old fort. The zoo is one of the largest in the country spread in a vast area of 35 acres, approximately. The zoo is thickly vegetated with a large variety of birds and animals. We firstly visited the Birds’ section, which was a colourful treat to our eyes. This section was echoing with the chirping of the birds all over. The multi-coloured birds were twittering all over, we saw the graceful pelicans, lovely kingfishers and the cranes, the dignified swans, and peacocks, peahens, sparrows of different kinds, nightingales, Siberian cranes, storks, ducks, the wild parrot and a wide variety of mountain birds. Next we went to the Animals’ section. It was amazing to see the tigers, lions, cheetahs, leopards, bears, rhinoceros, hippopotamuses, elephants, giraffes, zebras, antelopes, stages, horses, and rabbits etc. the Deer, Antelopes and Stages were very active and alert. The Hares and Rabbits were naughty while the tall giraffes and twin-coloured zebras were busy eating or grazing. The rhinoceros and Hippopotamuses seemed to be very lazy. But they were interesting to look at with their huge and bulky bodies. We were hypnotized by their massive size. The Tiger, Leopards, Cheetahs, Bears were huge and fearful to look at. The sharp teeth and claws were very frightening. The king of the jungle was awesome in his den. His loud roar echoed and reverberated up to the skies. We all could watch him for hours together. The best attraction, however, were the Monkeys, Chimpanzees, Baboons, Gorillas etc. They were so amusing with their pranks and swinging tails. We kept on watching them for a long time. Some other spectators gave them groundnuts to eat. We did not want to go ahead and leave the Monkey’s section, as we could never tire from watching them eat and swing from one branch to another. But, alas, we had to move on. Lastly, we went to the Reptiles’ section. We saw the Crocodiles lying in the sun and a wide variety of Snakes, Cripers and Cobras. Some of them hissed when we knocked at their glass frames and others were coiled up and did not bother to see us. We also saw many kinds of fishes, but they were not many in number. We visited the entire zoo and it took us a few hours to enjoy the vast expanse. Walking around made us feel hungry, so we decided to eat as soon as were to. It took us another half an hour to get out of the zoo. We enjoyed the lunch and proceed to see other places. The visit was an extremely knowledgeable one. We saw so many birds and animals in real. Until now we had seen them only in books or on television. But when saw them in real for the first time; we realized how wonderful and marvelous, the nature is. We wondered at the vast variety it presents us with and how we city people do not have much time and opportunity to see such marvels. We really enjoyed our visit to the zoo and made up our minds to visit many more such places. When we returned, we also prepared a file, posted pictures of animals on internet which we saw in the zoo and whose snaps we had taken and wrote the information about the animals As a kid, I always loved going to the zoo. I was fortunate in that when I was little, my family lived within walking distance of the municipal zoo. I was also fortunate in that at the time, it was one of the very best in the USA. These days, I’m an expatriate living with my wife on a subtropical paradise whose main civilian industry is the tourist trade. Okinawa has perhaps one of the best aquariums in the whole world in the Churaumi Aquarium. In addition to the aquarium, they have several privately owned zoos that have been built for the benefit of the tourism trade as well as a host of petting zoos scattered across the island. They also have one municipally owned and operated zoo that due to a host of reasons has seen better days. The children’s zoo in centrally located Okinawa City is a huge place. In addition to the municipal zoo, the park hosts a children’s interactive learning facility, a huge park with a manmade lake, paddle boats, and an amphitheatre capable of hosting concerts and shows. Once upon a time, it even had its very own amusement park complete with a Ferris wheel, rollercoaster and a host of thrill rides. Every year on Children’s Day, a national holiday in Japan, they open the doors to the public free of charge. Additionally, every Christmas season, the whole park is decorated appropriate to the holiday season and opened in the evening hours so everyone can enjoy the holiday lights. During these two times of the year, the park actually lives up to its potential. The rest of the year, the park and zoo are dismally disappointing. Attendance is extremely poor on the weekends and practically non-existent during the rest of the week. During the school summer vacation season, when attendance should be up, it’s not. In part this is due to the oppressive heat and humidity here. Tourists and their families are more often than not, prefer to stay at a luxury resort and enjoy the first class amenities offered right at the hotel. Local people head for the air conditioned comfort of the shopping malls. Even opening the zoo during the evening hours when the temperatures are more agreeable hasn’t helped. The biggest problem with the Okinawa zoo is that a large part of the facility is rather old and as such, inadequate. Lions and tigers live in tiny cages and are almost invisible. Although the whole park is more than adequate in size, only a tiny portion of the facility is utilized by the zoo. It would be nice to see a greater effort to see the facility updated and expanded with new and spacious facilities for some of the more exotic animals such as those already mentioned. Progress here is slow. On the plus side, the zoo now boasts a facility for some new Asian elephants and the giraffe area is huge. There is a new reptile house for all the snakes and an air conditioned elevator that makes the zoo, situated on a steep hillside, more accessible for the elderly as well as those who, due to no fault of their own, were previously unable to enjoy the facility. Another plus side is a dedicated staff. We found everyone we encountered on our trip ready, willing and able to assist us. One young lady keeping the animals was especially accommodating. While busy with her tasks, she noticed our cameras and the problems we were having taking pictures through the mesh screens in the bird and bat house. As we were leaving, she ran after us with a Ryukyu Flying Fox that she raised from a baby. She brought it out of the cages and allowed us to photograph it in a more natural setting. The really great thing about the Okinawa Children’s Zoo is that it is so affordable. Admission for adults is only 500 Yen, about $4. 50 U. S. Children can enter the park for 300 Yen with infants and toddlers being free of charge. For the price of one take out pizza, a family of four can enjoy several hours of quality time together so it’s well worth the price of admission In a crowded city such as Manhattan, it was no wonder that a man like Jerry felt lonely. He was without a friend, a mother and father, and the typical â€Å"wife, two children, and a dog,† that many others had. Jerry was thrown in a world that he felt did not want him, and his human flaw of wanting to escape loneliness led to his tragic death. In Edward Albee’s play, The Zoo Story, all Jerry wanted was to be heard and understood, and in the end, after sharing his life story with a complete stranger, he got his final wish – death. The Zoo Story not only tells of the alienation of man in modern society, but also reflects the philosophy of twentieth century existentialism. How to cite A Visit to the Zoo, Essay examples

Porter Five Forces Assist an Organisation in Their Strategic Planning Essay Example

Porter Five Forces Assist an Organisation in Their Strategic Planning Essay How does Porters Five Forces Model assist an organisation in their strategic planning? Before understanding â€Å"how† we must know â€Å"what† Porters Five Forces model really is (Michael E. Porter, 2008). Company strive to secure a competitive advantage over their rivals, I mean who doesn’t want to be the best? Although the intensity of rivalry varies within each industry and these differences can be important in the development of strategy, but rather the five forces (Porter, 2008) being a strategy of any sort, it acts a framework in securing a strategy. The only time where strategy is irrelevant, would be when you have no competitors where ultimately the environment is a monopoly, or when you have a ton of money to throw around and waste. But having said that, it is not likely at all. Without framework, strategy will inevitably collapse, as they both come hand in hand. Thus a chain arises as the five forces (Porter, 2008) acts as a framework in assisting an organisation in their strategic planning, where strategic planning leads to a competitive advantage over their competitors which then leads to ultimate success of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Porter Five Forces Assist an Organisation in Their Strategic Planning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Porter Five Forces Assist an Organisation in Their Strategic Planning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Porter Five Forces Assist an Organisation in Their Strategic Planning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Before proceeding to the question at hand on how Porters Five Forces can assist an organisation in their strategic planning, first we have to know two things, what are the Five Forces that Porter (2008) proposed, and ultimately what strategy really means? To ease this journey, let’s start with the Five Forces (Porter, 2008). Before any company enters a certain market, one must first analyse the competitive nature of the market, and this is exactly what the Five Forces (2008) aids to do, to provide a framework to determine the intensity of competition within an industry where three of the five competitive forces comes from an external sources, and the remainder coming from an internal sources. These external sources includes: Threat of potential entrants, threat of potential substitutes and rivalry of existing firms in the industry. Now these sources are external due to the fact that it is simply impossible to temper with. But what we can control, are the two internal sources: the bargaining power of suppliers, and the bargaining power of buyers. Being aware of the five forces can aid firms into identifying existence and the importance of each of the five forces, as well as the roles that each force plays into the success of the firms. The threat of potential entrants: Although it is possible for any company to enter and exit a market of their choice, each market has their own unique barriers to go in and out of. Therefore the essence of this force deals with the level of difficulty that a company can enter into an industry which will ultimately impact competition within the industry. Whenever a new company enters an industry, the competitive climate changes; it provides more alternatives to consumers, therefore reducing its attractiveness and the competition within the industry increases as each company is trying to come out on top. As each industry have their own unique characteristics it allows them to build a barrier from other industries protecting them from profitability while restraining additional rivals from entering the market. These restraints and characteristics that industries create are referred to as barriers of entry. Barriers of entry are a characteristic acquired uniquely to each industry. It attempts to reduce the rate of entry of new companies which maintains the level of profitability for all current industry competitors, where if new companies enters the industry, the profit is shared amongst the original and the newly developed companies in the industry, ultimately decreasing overall profits of each company, which isn’t ideal. Conversely when profitability of an industry is high, companies will attempt to come into the industry to get a piece of the action, which then will eventually result in reducing profits due to the fact that it is divided up into more quarters. Where there’s an entry, there’s an exit, barriers to exit limits the ability of a firm to leave the market, meanwhile rivalries can worsen. So when barriers for entry and exits are high, it means that companies have a higher potential to make more profit and the opposite occurs when barriers are low. The threat of substitutes: where it refers to substitute product as those that are available in other industry which can also fulfil the need and want of the consumers. It can affect competition in an industry by placing an invisible ceiling on prices which companies within the industry can charge, due to the fact that if the cost of substitute is low then the consumers will tend to purchase substitutes, therefore limiting the prices that a company can place on certain items to gain maximum profit. For example, lemonade can be substituted for a soft drink. Generally, competitive pressures arising from substitute products increase as the relative price of substitute products declines and as consumers switching costs decrease. The bargaining power of buyers is affected by the concentration and number of consumers, when buyer power is strong, they gain the power to choose between producers and ultimately equip themselves with bargaining power which then the producers will have to conform to in order to produce profit, under these conditions the buyer has the most influence in determining the price of products. Also when buyers have strong bargaining power in the exchange relationship, competition can be affected in several ways. Powerful buyers can bargain for lower prices, better product distribution, higher-quality products, as well as other factors that can create greater competition among companies. To minimise the power of buyers, companies can develop offers in which strong buyers cannot refuse, also, companies can choose to select buyers with less bargaining power. Similarly, the bargaining power of suppliers affects the intensity of competition in an industry, for a production industry that produces goods, raw materials are needed which creates a buyer and supplier relationship between the industry and companies which produces the raw materials. Suppliers may be able to determine prices especially when there are a large number of suppliers, limited substitute raw materials, or increased switching costs. The bargaining power of suppliers is important to industry competition because suppliers can also affect the quality of exchange relationships. Competition may become more intense as powerful suppliers raise prices, reduce services, or reduce the quality of goods or services. In order to minimise the power of suppliers, industry tend to build win-win relationships with suppliers where both parties benefits from it or arrange to use multiple suppliers so if one supplier chooses to increase their prices, the company doesn’t get affected as much. Competition is also affected by the rivalry among existing firms, which is usually considered as the most powerful of the five competitive forces. In most industries, business organizations are mutually dependent, industries that are concentrated versus fragmented; often display the highest level of rivalry. A competitive move by one company in pursuing an advantage over its rivals can be expected to have a noticeable effect on its competitors, and thus, may cause retaliation of other companies, for example, lowering prices, enhancing quality, adding features, providing services, extending warranties, and increasing advertising, placing themselves in a competitive advantage over the competitors. The nature of competition is often affected by a variety of factors, such as the size and number of competitors, demand changes for the industrys products, the specificity of assets within the industry, the presence of strong exit barriers, and the variety of competitors. These conditions will lead to a more challenging industry where companies compete in, leading to price wars, advertising battles, and the addition of new products. So after going through the five forces, let’s take a look at what strategic planning really means. If we are going to have a good strategy, we must separate strategy from goals and objectives and other issues that managers often think about. Now most management practitioners make the mistake in defining strategy, a strategy is what unique position that we will be able to achieve, what our advantage is going to be at the end of the day as we take these steps accumulatively over time, how we’re going to be unique? How we’re going to have an advantage? How we’re going to sustain the advantage over time? Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, Chau, 2011). The steps we take aren’t a strategy, but somehow numerous companies make the mistake of fixating themselves on a particular action that an organisation want to approach, which then inevitably becomes their strategy but that usually leads to the downfall of the company simply because they do not know why they’re doing it and when they should stop doing it. As we all know, every industry is diff erent, therefore, there is no universal strategy that can apply to any business. But before proceeding, a company must understand their position and the industry that they are in and their circumstances in order to find a way of obtaining a competitive advantage over the competitors, where indefinitely delivering a unique value to the consumers which rivals cannot. As the five forces (Porter, 2001) suggests that being at a competitive advantage is the idealistic way of being on top, due to the fact that every industry has their own set of economics, the five forces (Porter, 2001) without a doubt acts as a framework to extract any necessary information needed to develop strategy to gain competitive advantage. The Five forces (Porter, 2001) help you home in on what is really causing profitability, or in fact what is causing the trends of the significance and change of the industry. This powerful framework can prevent an organisation from getting tricked or trapped into the latest trends like the technological sensation, and really allowing organisations to focus solely on the underlying fundamentals. This can be applied to any industry whether if its production or a service, high tech or low tech, emerging or developed industries (Porter, 2001). With the framework at hand, it acts as a guide or even a tick off criteria sheet into strategic planning, how should we begin? The strategy formulating process will be pretty straight forward from here after deeply understanding the five forces which Porter (2001) proposed. The first step should be the analysis of the industry that a company is trying to get into, looking at the environment to tick off all of the 5 boxes one by one, evaluating what the industry looks like, how it’s been changing over time, and what are the drivers of competition (Schermerhorn et al, 2011). After a careful analyse the company is then required to under the dynamics as to where the industry is going, how the buyers and substitute’s entry level are evolving, and lastly how to position the company to gain a good profit. These are all extracted from the framework proposed by Porter (2001), although competition is sometimes looked at too narrowly, with careful analysis of the five forces (Porter, 2001) will ultimately position the company in a competitive advantage. Where a competitive advantage allows an organisation to deal with the market and environmental forces much better than its competitors (Ramon, 2012), to achieve this goal, the company needs to be at its best and better than the competitors who are trying to achieve the same goal in the same industry. Rather than a goal, competitive advantage is a position that a company wants to be in, a goal is to make the competitive advantage sustainable in spite of all the mockery of rivals, although achieving and sustaining it is a challenging task, but it will set concrete roots for the company in years to come. The implementation of strategic planning tools serves a variety of purposes in companies, including the clear definition of an organizations purpose and mission, and the establishment of a standard base from which progress can be measured and future actions can be planned. I-O psychologist Ramon E, Henson (2012) and Robert E, Ployhart (2012) although having disagreements in some parts of their papers, they ultimately come forward in reinforcing the importance of competitive advantage suggesting that I-O and strategy has been â€Å"joined at hips for years† (Ramon, 2012), also suggesting hat I-O psychology should stray from the focus of individuals and start focusing more on the company as a whole as they have â€Å"much to offer† in the understanding of competitive advantage (Ployhart, 2012). Furthermore, the strategic planning tools should communicate those goals and objectives to the organisation as a whole rather than just the ones involved in the strategic planning process (O’Shannassy, 2003) to achieve a more efficient work flow. Throughout the centuries, countless strategic approaches has been formed and used and recycled, so why use Porter’s Five Forces (2008)? For example, strategy as simple rules Kathleen M. Eisenhardt, ; Donald N. Sull, (2001). It illustrates the success story of Yahoo! , along with other successful companies coming from an unattractive market. â€Å"So how they did succeed? More generally, what are the sources of competitive advantage in high-velocity markets? What does strategy mean in the new economy? † (Eisenhardt et al, 2001, p. 108). The key is none-other than strategy as simple rules, it targets market confusion and rides the magic carpet to see where or what it will journey into. Although it is indeed called â€Å"simple rules†, a rule still applies to it, as one Internet executive explained: â€Å"I have a thousand opportunities a day; strategy is deciding which 50 to do. † (Eisenhardt et al, 2001, p. 108). As it summarises and illustrates that simple rules is all about taking risks, its essence is to capture unanticipated opportunities for ultimate success. Although for companies like Yahoo! has gained huge success, simple rules (2001) cannot apply to any industry as the authors suggests (Eisenhardt et al, 2001). If the opportunity presents itself, for anyone to use simple rules (2001) as a stepping stone to success, without a doubt, one should take the opportunity, but an opportunity does not just come without any background knowledge of a particular industry, and this is where Porter’s Five Forces (2008) comes into play, as it provides a framework for careful analysis of the industry, by analysing the industry will allow you to grab hold of the opportunities that might come about. Despite the fact that there are numerous of strategies to obtain competitive advantage, Porters Five Forces (2008) acts as a basis of all these trategies, as it is a tick-off criteria sheet which allows a company to understand their position before even implementing any sort of action. It is important as companies strives for ultimate profitability, thus the importance of a company securing a competitive advantage over their competitors is key, as even I-O psychologists supports the important of competitive advantage and that it should be a â€Å"department on its own† (Ployhart, 2012). How to implement strategy and sustaining it is another question. Although Yahoo! nd some other companies has succeeded without the five forces (Porter, 2008), it is a dangerous and risky step, and for those who doesn’t have the resource to throw around, Porters Five Forces (2008) will not only act as a friend but mentor to the journey of success. Reference John R. Schermerhorn, Paul Davidson, David Poole, Alan Simon, Peter woods ; So Ling Chau (2011). Management 4th Asia-Pacific Edition. Queensland, Australia: John Wiley ; Sons Australia, Ltd. Kathleen M. Eisenhardt, ; Donald N. Sull, (2001). Strategy as Simple Rules. Harvard Business Review,79(1), 106-116. Porter E. Michael. THE FIVE COMPETITIVE FORCES THAT SHAPE STRATEGY. Harvard Business Review, 00178012, Jan2008, Vol. 86, Issue 1. RAMON M. HENSON. Industrial-Organizational and Strategy Are Integrated in Practice! Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(2012), pp82-86. Robert E. Ployhart. From Possible to Probable: The Psychology of Competitive Advantage. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5 (2012), 120–126. Tim O’Shannassy, (2003). Modern Strategic management: Balancing Strategic Thinking and Strategic Planning for Internal and External Stakeholders. Singapore Management Review, 25(1), 53-67.

Relation between Economics and Law

Relation between Economics and Law The study of Law without the knowledge of other related social sciences i.e., Political theory, Sociology and Economics, etc, is incomplete. In any law curriculum the study of Economics and Law and their interaction is increasingly found necessary.As Law influence Economics, Economics also influence Law. As a matter of fact Economics forms the basis of the study of Law. Economics reflects the socio-economic ethos of the country in particular and world in general. It becomes out of date and misleading if the Economic ethos change. But it was proved to be wrong by Dalton. The organisation, industrial structure and performance have changed in the thirty years. E.g.: policy goals, policy instrument, Economic institutions.Economics derives its aims and objectives from the study of man and must derive at least a large part of its methodology from a study of Nature. Legal Economics is a vital part in understanding the interactional dimension of Law and Economics, i.e.,Economics Q & A, IVhow modern Economics can be used to illuminate a number of legal problems. It is not sufficiently realised that the economic analysis can aid our understanding of the Law and how economic factors limit and shape the operation of crime control and legal systems. Economic considerations have varied and widespread effects on the costs and benefits that prospective offenders may expect from crime, on decisions to litigate or to settle out to court, on the significance of legal costs the practical problems of legal administration and the provision of legal services. Law and legal policy help to determine the behaviour of the economy. There are extensive legal constraints on the allocation and the distribution of resources and on labour and housing markets.The social functions of Law are broadly classified into three:(1) Encouraging good behaviour and discouraging bad behaviour.(2) Facilitating the...

How to Talk About Fractions in Chinese

How to Talk About Fractions in Chinese Know that you know your whole numbers in Chinese, you can talk about rational numbers in decimals, fractions, and percents with the addition of a few more vocabulary words. Of course, you can read and write numbers- like 4/3 or 3.75 or 15%- using the universal numerical system in Chinese-speaking regions. However, when it comes to reading those numbers out loud, youll need to know these new Mandarin Chinese terms. Parts of a Whole Fractions can be expressed either as parts of a whole (half, quarter, etc.) or as decimal fractions. In English, parts of a whole are stated as â€Å"XX parts of YY,† with XX being the parts of the whole and YY being the whole. An example of this is saying two parts of three, which also means two-thirds.   However, the phrase construction is the opposite in Chinese. Parts of a whole  are stated as YY 分ä ¹â€¹ XX. The pinyin of 分ä ¹â€¹ is fÄ“n zhÄ «, and is written the same in both traditional and simplified Chinese.  Note that the number representing the whole comes at the beginning of the phrase.   One-half can be stated as either ä ¸â‚¬Ã¥ Å  (yÄ « bn)  or using the phrase construction mentioned above:  Ã¤ ºÅ'分ä ¹â€¹Ã¤ ¸â‚¬ (à ¨r fÄ“n zhÄ « yÄ «). There is no Chinese equivalent to the term one-quarter besides  Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¤ ¸â‚¬ (s à ¬ fÄ“n zhÄ « yÄ «). Examples of Parts of a Whole three-quarterssà ¬ fÄ“n zhÄ « sÄ n四分ä ¹â€¹Ã¤ ¸â€°eleven-sixteenthsshà ­ lià ¹ fÄ“n zhÄ « shà ­ yÄ «Ã¥  Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¥  Ã¤ ¸â‚¬ Decimals Fractions can also be stated as decimals. The word for decimal point in Mandarin Chinese is written as é »Å¾ in traditional form and ç‚ ¹ in simplified form. The character is pronounced as diÇŽn.   If a number begins with the decimal point, it can optionally be prefaced with é› ¶ (là ­ng), which means zero. Each digit of the decimal fraction is stated individually just like a whole number. Examples of Decimal Fractions 1.3yÄ « diÇŽn sÄ nä ¸â‚¬Ã© »Å¾Ã¤ ¸â€° (trad)ä ¸â‚¬Ã§â€š ¹Ã¤ ¸â€° (simp)0.5674ling diÇŽn wÇ” lià ¹ qÄ « sà ¬Ã©â€º ¶Ã© »Å¾Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¤ ¸Æ'å›› (trad)é› ¶Ã§â€š ¹Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¤ ¸Æ'å›› (simp) Percents The same phrase construction used in expressing parts of a whole is also used when talking about percentages. Except for when talking about percents in Chinese, the whole is always 100. Thus, XX% will follow this template: ç™ ¾Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹ (bÇŽi fÄ“n zhÄ «) XX.   Examples of Percents 20%bÇŽi fÄ“n zhÄ « à ¨r shà ­Ã§â„¢ ¾Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¤ ºÅ'Ã¥  5%bÇŽi fÄ“n zhÄ « wÇ”ç™ ¾Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¤ ºâ€

Case study 19 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study 19 - Research Paper Example In a free market, lower priced products are likely to attract more customers compared to those with higher prices. In most cases, customers are very sensitive to prices and some organisations have capitalised on this where they lower the prices while at the same time trying to retain value. Mr Herrera is therefore reluctant to put higher price mark-ups as these would scare away his loyal customers which may result in loss of sales and ultimately loss of profits. However, his stance on the issue of pricing almost destroyed his business in that the revenue generated could not offset the cost of maintaining the buildings as well as high budgets on advertising. It can be noted that the total operational costs are slightly higher than the revenue generated though the customers still believe that he offers good quality on his project. Noble as it is to retain the loyal customers, it is also important to ensure that that the business is also able to sustain itself for long term benefits. Essentially, business is meant to generate profits which can cover all the operational costs. 2. The concepts of demand, price and profits are interrelated in various ways. Demand refers to the number of customers willing to purchase a product. â€Å"Marketing’s main thrust and skill is demand management, namely to influence the level, timing and composition of demand in pursuit of the company’s objective,† (Kotler 1999 p.46). The major objective of business is to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers profitably. However, in some instances, there may be over demand of goods and there is need for the marketers to try to reduce demand or change its timing. Demand affects the pricing of the product in different ways. There may be need to increase the price in order to offset the imbalance in revenue generated which may be recorded. An upsurge in demand where the price remains

Corporate Strategic Review on TESCO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate Strategic Review on TESCO - Essay Example In 1964, Tesco's innovativeness was put to a challenge when the British government imposed the Resale Price Maintenance System, a law that mandates all retailers to charge a set price for their products. However, Tesco found a way through it and introduced trading stamps so that it could bring lower prices to its customers. Customers collected these stamps as they purchased groceries and other items. By 1960, Tesco was in control of 212 store chains in north England, and 144 more in 1964 and 1965. By 1970, Tesco was a household name, known for its grocery products at very competitive prices. It was at this time when Tesco decided to broaden its customer base and make its stores more attractive to a wider range of customers. Tesco decided to concentrate on developing bigger superstores at the outskirts of the town, on selling a broader range of goods, and on providing quality shopping environment and customer service. Tesco likewise ventured into selling petrol at very competitive rates in 1974, opening its first filling station at its major sites. These changes earned more customers and greater profits for Tesco, and in 1979, its annual turnover reached 1 billion for the first time. Tesco has built its 100th superstore by 1985, and in 1987, it announced a 500 million plan to build 29 more stores. By 1991, the success of its petrol filling stations earned for the company Britain's biggest independent petrol retailer. In the 1990s, the company built on its success by developing new store concepts and new customer-focused initiatives. Tesco broke new ground in food retailing by introducing, in 1995, the first customer loyalty card, which offered benefits to regular shoppers whilst helping the company discover more about its customers' needs. Other customer services followed, including grocery home shopping, Tesco Direct for catalogue shoppers and the Tesco Babyclub for new parents, as well as the launch of Tesco Personal Finance a joint venture with the Royal Bank of Scotland. Tesco continued its winning streak in the new millennium. In January 2003 Tesco completed the acquisition of 870 T&S Stores in the UK; 450 of these stores will be converted to Tesco Express in the next three to four years. Moreover, Tesco opened in Taiwan in 2000 and, in May 2002 its first store in Malaysia in a joint venture with Sime Darby Sdn Bhd. In July 2002, Tesco acquired the "HIT" chain of hypermarkets in Poland. This acquisition added 13 hypermarkets to the Polish business, giving it a market leading position. By the end of 2002/03 Tesco had 45 percent of its space overseas, market leadership in 6 of its 10 countries, and was profitable in 8 out of 10 markets. Porter on Tesco Using Porter's Generic Strategies, this approach of Tesco shall be evaluated and assessed. It will also be subjected to the five industry forces such as: Entry Barrier, Buyer Power, Supplier Power, Threats of Substitute and Rivalry. Tesco can be categorized in Porter's Generic Strategies as belonging to the Broad Industry- as it targets an economy of scale whose product line is extensive (Reichheld and Sasser, 1990). Moreover, the standard

Decision of Ex Parte Datafin plc Analysis

Decision of Ex Parte Datafin plc Analysis A critical analysis of the manner in which the decision in R v Panel on Takeovers and Mergers; Ex parte Datafin plc [1987] 1 QB 815 is being dealt with under Australian law. Introduction The case of Datafin is an accepted element of public law in England; however Australian law is unclear to its applicability as courts reference the principle cautiously in the absence of a case pertaining substantive facts. The Datafin principle provides that a decision-making body may be subject to judicial review whether it is exercises its power from statute or private contract. That is to say, both the source and the nature of the power being exercised are to be considered when determining if a body is amenable to judicial review. In Australia, the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 (‘ADJR Act’) provides a statutory right to judicial review however a common law right (which may exist under the Datafin principle) is yet to be decided. Without a final decision from the High Court as to its applicability, the Datafin principle will continue to be dealt with tentatively on a case by case basis. However recent cases from lower and appellate courts indicate that the principle will most likely apply here as it does in England when a case with the relevant facts arises. Current Position in Australian Law There is no clear authority for the adoption of Datafin in Australia despite many decisions with reference to the principle. The closest the courts have come to taking an authoritative position regarding Datafin is the High Courts ruling in NEAT Domestic Training Pty Ltd v AWB Ltd.[1] This case marked a ‘paradigm shift’ in the delivery of administrative governmental services from being almost purely derived from statute to a mixture of private and public bodies.[2] In this case the High Court took an interpretation of Datafin to focus solely on the source of the power with no consideration to the power’s possible administrative/public nature. However, the conclusion in NEAT was very much limited to unique facts of the case and did not intend to be taken as a response to the broader issue of whether Datafin applies in Australia (i.e. whether public law remedies such as judicial review can be granted against private bodies). In this case, the improper exercise of discretionary power was argued by a wheat trader against the Australian Wheat Board (AWB). However since the AWB was a private body brought into effect by the Corporations Law (Vic), it was found that its power was not derived from the statute which NEAT was arguing under (the Wheat Marketing Act 1989). The AWB’s decision-making power was therefore not subject to the ADJR Act which sets out a requirement that decisions must be made â€Å"under an enactment† in order to be amenable to judicial review. Justice Kirby argued an in-depth and seemingly valid dissent in favour of adopting the Datafin principle to apply to the four:one majority decision. He raised the concern that if the wheat board was not amenable to judicial review it would essentially hold almost complete and unreviewable power over Australia’s wheat export industry. Therefore, the interests of the nation (or an issue of public significance) are irrefutably affected by a private body; a point acknowledged but not expressly addressed by Gleeson CJ. A conclusion can be drawn from NEAT that only the source and not the nature of the power is relevant when determining applicability of judicial review in Australia. This conclusion is alarming when considering the Commonwealth could effectively insulate itself from all legal and political accountability if each public decision-making body was privatised in a similar fashion to AWB Ltd.[3] An example of this conclusion can be seen in Griffith University v Tang,[4] where a student excluded from enrolment in university failed in her request for judicial review due to the university not making their decision under an enactment. Despite the university being deemed a ‘public’ decision-maker,[5] the judgements consider the nature of the university’s relationship to Tang to be voluntary (i.e. ‘private’). Therefore the source of power element could not be satisfied removing the need for the court to consider the substantive nature of the power.[6] In reaching this decision, their Honours accepted the reverse possibility that a private decision-maker could be considered ‘public’ and therefore amenable to judicial review.[7] The main implication of the decision in NEAT is that courts have essentially been advised not to make a decision about the applicability of Datafin until it is absolutely necessary.[8] Evidence of this deferral to make a decision about the principle has the courts intentionally not mentioning it in judgements even when parties make extensive submissions on Datafin to base their arguments. For example, the unanimous decision in the Offshore Processing Case[9] did not mention Datafin even once despite multiple submissions by both parties. Gradual Acceptance of the Datafin Principle by Australian Courts In Masu Financial Management Pty Ltd v Financial Industry Complaints Service Ltd,[10] a corporation which dealt with financial industry complaints was deemed susceptible to judicial review. Justice Shaw described the corporation as a ‘public’ body, pointing to government involvement in its foundation and processes. Here it was held that the preponderance of authority in Australia indicates that Datafin is applicable, at least to companies administering external complaints in the finance industry.[11] In contrast, the case of Chase Oyster Bar v Hamo Industries[12]allowed Basten JA to explore the applicability of Datafin where he concluded that the decision Masu and did not amount to authority of acceptance of the principle.[13] Prior to this 2010 decision, Datafin had been referred to in Australian law with ‘apparent approval’.[14] Regardless, the Masu decision provided a foundation for Kyrou J’s later decision in CECA Institute Pty Ltd v Australian Council for Private Education and Training.[15] In this case it was held that the Datafin principle may render a private body to be subject to judicial review if that body is performing a ‘public duty’ or exercising a power with a ‘public element’. Defining a ‘public element’ of a decision, once described as â€Å"question-begging†[16] can be reasonably objectively determined from extensive English case law.[17] In the circumstances of this case, a link to a ‘public element’ could not be established and the matter was instead settled by private law.[18] A similar but more recent judgement in Mickovski v FOS[19] also suggested that the Datafin principle applies to Australian law provided the necessary public element can be satisfied.[20] In this case, an argument was raised that a public element existed by way of requiring a mechanism for private dispute resolution. However Pagone J held that the Datafin test failed as the corporation did not exercise government functions and its power over its members was derived from contract (therefore only allowing private law remedies). In doing so, the judgement cited and affirmed Kyrou J’s reasoning from Masu.[21] Shortly after this decision, the Australian Law Journal published an article by Kyrou J examining Datafin’s applicability to Australian law.[22] Justice Kyrou cited the Mickovski decision as an authority for the rule’s acceptance. However since the paper was published, Mickovski was appealed.[23] In the appeal, although dismissed, Pagone J was overruled in that the Datafin principle did not apply to the facts considering there was no public law justification for the request of judicial review. The Court explained in its dismissal of the appeal that with increasing privatisation of various government functions comes the need for the availability of judicial review in relation to administrative and public functions.[24] At [31], it was said that the Datafin principle provides a ‘logical’, approach to satisfy that requirement.[25] Buchanan, Nettle JJA and Beach AJA went on to conclude that it is doubtful that even a wide interpretation of Datafin would be appl icable to contract-based decisions.[26] Therefore, Kyrou’s argument and call for approval is not discredited and it appears likely that the Datafin test will be appropriate when the relevant facts and circumstances arise in future. It is significant to the current position that Datafin has never been rejected in Australian courts. However cases exist which are unfavourable to its ‘apparent approval’ prior to Chase. In particular, in Khuu Lee Pty Ltd v Corporation of the City of Adelaide,[27] it was specifically stated by Vanstone J in the Supreme Court of South Australia that Datafin â€Å"has not yet been adopted in Australia†.[28] At [30], her honour said â€Å"within intermediate appellate courts there are, at best, conflicting views as to whether [Datafin] represents the common law of Australia†. Should Datafin Apply in Australian Law? Writing extra-judicially, now-retired QC, Raymond Finkelstein stated that the courts’ function in relation to administrative law and judicial review should be to â€Å"ensure that all bodies – private or otherwise – that perform public functions do so in accordance with the law.†[29] Senior University of NSW Professor, Mark Aronson hints at the applicability of Datafin in Australian law and argues that â€Å"public power is increasingly exercised from places within the private sector, by non-government bodies, and according to rules found in management manuals rather than statute books. If judicial review is about the restraint of public power, it will need to confront these shifts in who exercises public power, and in the rules by which they exercise it.†[30] A similar sentiment was held by Kyrou J in his decision in Masu that Datafin â€Å"represents a natural development in the evolution of the principles of judicial review†¦ [It] is essential in enabling superior courts to continue to perform their vital role of protecting citizens from abuses in the exercise of powers which are governmental in nature†.[31] Since the Datafin principle has been adopted in Canada and New Zealand, there is also an argument supported by Kyrou J that on a constitutional level, Australia ‘should be consistent with the law of other important common law jurisdictions’.[32] The arguments put forward are not without criticism however. The evolution of private bodies administering administrative/public functions is considered by some to be a new area of law which requires fresh regulation rather than ‘shoehorning’ the issues to fit into Datafin.[33] This arguably explains why the principle is so reservedly discussed in judgements where the elements of Datafin frequently cannot be made out. The granting of judicial review against a private body’s excision of power which was neither statutory nor executive has occurred only once in Australia (in the case of Masu). Most cases which reference Datafin do so in obiter dicta simply to raise overlaps with other areas of law which have more established remedies and boundaries than attempting to expand administrative law principles. That is not to say more than one area of law cannot co-exist with certainty. Conclusion Despite significant and extensive ‘apparent approval’ of the Datafin principle, it is impossible to determine the validity of the rule in the absence of a High Court decision. However, the number of cases citing Datafin with favourable obiter appears to outweigh the number of cases which reference it with reservation. Whilst the obiter of NEAT recognises Datafin’s applicability in Australian law going forward, the actual decision of the case lends authority against its adoption. Regardless, in the unlikely event that the Datafin principle is rejected, private decision-making bodies performing public and administrative functions will not be immune to judicial review. The increasing trend of government divestment of administrative functions to private bodies will simply be dealt with judicial independence, allowing natural justice to form a either more refined interpretation of the Datafin principle. Bibliography Cases CECA Institute Pty Ltd v Australian Council for Private Education and Training (2010) 30 VR 555. Chase Oyster Bar Pty Ltd v Hamo Industries Pty Ltd (2010) 78 NSWLR 393 Griffith University v Tang (2005) 221 CLR 99 Griffith University v Tang (2005) 213 ALR 724 Khuu Lee Pty Ltd v Adelaide City Corporation (2011) 110 SASR 235. Masu Financial Management Pty Ltd v Financial Industry Complaints Service Ltd (No 2) (2004) 50 ACSR 554 Mickovski v Financial Ombudsman Service Ltd [2011] VSC 257 Mickovski v Financial Ombudsman Services Limited Anor [2012] VSCA 185 Mickovski v Financial Ombudsman Service Ltd (2012) 91 ASCR 106 NEAT Domestic Trading Pty Ltd v AWB Ltd (2003) 216 CLR 277 Plaintiff M61/2010E v Commonwealth (2010) 243 CLR 319 R (Beer) v Hampshire Farmers’ Markets Ltd [2004] 1 WLR 233 R v Panel on Takeovers and Mergers; Ex parte Datafin plc [1987] 1 QB 815 Textbooks Matthew Groves (ed), Modern Administrative Law In Australia: Concepts And Context (Cambridge University Press, Australia, 2014) Journals Neil Arora, ‘Not so neat: non-statutory corporations and the reach of the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977’ (2004) 32(1) Federal Law Review 141 Emillos Kyrou, ‘Judicial review of decisions of non-governmental bodies exercising governmental powers : is Datafin part of Australian law?’ (2012) 86(1) Australian Law Journal 20 Katherine Cook, ‘Recent Developments in Administrative Law’ (2012) 71 AIAL (Australia Institute of Administrative Law) Forum 1 Graeme Hill, ‘Griffith University v Tang – Comparison with Neat Domestic, and the Relevance of Constitutional Factors’ (2005) 47 AIAL (Australia Institute of Administrative Law) Forum 6 Matthew Groves, ‘Should we follow the Gospel of the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 (Cth)?’ (2010) 34 Melbourne University Law Review 737 Mark Aronson, ‘Private Bodies, Public Power and Soft Law in the High Court’ (2007) 35 Federal Law Review 1 Raymond Finkelstein, â€Å"Crossing the Intersection: How Courts are Navigating the ‘Public’ and ‘Private’ in Judicial Review† (2006) 48 AIAL (Australia Institute of Administrative Law) Forum 1 Other CCH, Australian Company Law Commentary, ‘Internal and external dispute resolution procedures – ASIC’s policy: s 912A(1)(g), (2)’ (at 26 August 2013) [273-300]. 1 Sean Roche, N8844330 [1] NEAT Domestic Trading Pty Ltd v AWB Ltd (2003) 216 CLR 277. [2] Neil Arora, ‘Not so neat: non-statutory corporations and the reach of the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977’ (2004) 32(1) Federal Law Review 141, 161. [3] Neil Arora, ‘Not so neat: non-statutory corporations and the reach of the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977’ (2004) 32(1) Federal Law Review 141, 160. [4] (2005) 221 CLR 99. [5] Griffith University v Tang (2005) 213 ALR 724 at 750-751 [108]-[110]. [6] Griffith University v Tang (2005) 213 ALR 724 at 766 [159]-[160]. [7] Graeme Hill, ‘Griffith University v Tang – Comparison with Neat Domestic, and the Relevance of Constitutional Factors’ (2005) 47 AIAL (Australia Institute of Administrative Law) Forum 6, 8. [8] (2012) 91 ASCR 106, [32]. [9] Plaintiff M61/2010E v Commonwealth (2010) 243 CLR 319. [10] Masu Financial Management Pty Ltd v Financial Industry Complaints Service Ltd (No 2) (2004) 50 ACSR 554. [11] CCH, Australian Company Law Commentary, ‘Internal and external dispute resolution procedures – ASIC’s policy: s 912A(1)(g), (2)’ (at 26 August 2013) [273-300]. [12] Chase Oyster Bar Pty Ltd v Hamo Industries Pty Ltd (2010) 78 NSWLR 393. [13] Chris Finn, ‘The public/private distinction and the reach of administrative law’ in Matthew Groves (ed), Modern Administrative Law In Australia: Concepts And Context (Cambridge University Press, Australia, 2014) 3, 56. [14] Emillos Kyrou, ‘Judicial review of decisions of non-governmental bodies exercising governmental powers: is Datafin part of Australian law?’ (2012) 86(1) Australian Law Journal 20, 22. [15] CECA Institute Pty Ltd v Australian Council for Private Education and Training (2010) 30 VR 555. [16] R (Beer) v Hampshire Farmers’ Markets Ltd [2004] 1 WLR 233, [16]. [17] Emillos Kyrou, ‘Judicial review of decisions of non-governmental bodies exercising governmental powers: is Datafin part of Australian law?’ (2012) 86(1) Australian Law Journal 20, 31. [18] Ibid, 570, 576. [19] Mickovski v Financial Ombudsman Service Ltd [2011] VSC 257. [20] Ibid, [12]. [21] Mickovski v Financial Ombudsman Service Ltd [2011] VSC 257, [9]. [22] Emillos Kyrou, ‘Judicial review of decisions of non-governmental bodies exercising governmental powers: is Datafin part of Australian law?’ (2012) 86(1) Australian Law Journal 20-33. [23] Mickovski v Financial Ombudsman Service Limited Anor [2012] VSCA 185. [24] Katherine Cook, ‘Recent Developments in Administrative Law’ (2012) 71 AIAL Forum 1. [25] [2012] VSCA 185, [31]. [26] Katherine Cook, ‘Recent Developments in Administrative Law’ (2012) 71 AIAL Forum 1. [27] (2011) 110 SASR 235. [28] Ibid, [26]. [29] Raymond Finkelstein, â€Å"Crossing the Intersection: How Courts are Navigating the ‘Public’ and ‘Private’ in Judicial Review† (2006) 48 AIAL Forum 1-7. [30] Mark Aronson, ‘Private Bodies, Public Power and Soft Law in the High Court’ (2007) 35 Federal Law Review 1. 4. [31] Ibid, 99. [32] Emillos Kyrou, ‘Judicial review of decisions of non-governmental bodies exercising governmental powers: is Datafin part of Australian law?’ (2012) 86(1) Australian Law Journal 20, 30. [33] Matthew Groves, ‘Should we follow the Gospel of the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 (Cth)?’ (2010) 34 Melbourne University Law Review 737, 749.

Case Study on Frank Drake Business Planning

Business planning Case study This case study has three separate sections to it. The case material is given below, and then there is: †¢ A worksheet based on the case study (including the development of a full business plan) †¢ An interactive quiz Taktical. com Frank Drake is a software engineer with a major multinational firm and a highly experienced programmer. He is also a keen racing sailor, and for many years in his spare time he has been developing a piece of software to help racing sailors plan their tactics for a race.The software enables you to input a wide range of variables, including the weather, the tide, the nature of the course, the boat characteristics and information about the competition. From this you can then develop a strategy for the race. After the race you can input your decisions and test them against what the software considered the optimum strategy. Frank has used it widely and found it very effective and he has also given copies of it to sailing f riends for them to test.They have frequently commented that he should sell it, and he has finally decided to leave his job and set up a company to sell and market the product. He has decided that the most effective way to distribute it would be through the internet and so he is planning to set up a sales and promotion web site called taktical. com. The software itself will be available through a CD. To make the software more marketable he will need to employ some other programmers and designers.He is planning to work from home initially and he estimates his initial set-up costs to be as follows: †¢ Software costs – ? 4,000 †¢ E-commerce set-up and hosting – ? 1,250 †¢ Design costs – ? 950 He has allocated ? 3,600 for his marketing budget, though he has not yet decided the most appropriate marketing methods to use. He has investigated carefully to see what other similar products are available and believes he has found a niche in the market, though there are some other sailing simulation packages, but these are mostly game-style ones and not targeted at serious sailors.He feels that this is a premium product targeted at a small niche and so he is able to set a relatively high price. He has discussed this with sailing friends and it is clear that price is not very important in their decision about whether to buy the product. He is planning therefore to charge ? 65 for each CD produced. He expects the variable costs of each unit to be: †¢ ? 2. 50 per CD produced †¢ ? 5. 25 for each manual produced †¢ ? 2. 25 postage/distribution costHe will be starting to sell the product at the start of March 2004 and expects sales for the first year to be:    |Mar |Apr |May |Jun |July |Aug |Sept |Oct |Nov |Dec |Jan |Feb | |Sales |15 |20 |25 |45 |40 |35 |25 |10 |10 |45 |15 |25 | |He is going to approach the bank to try to raise ? 10,000 start-up funding, but needs some help developing his business plan. Why not have a go at the worksheet or the quiz associated with this case study. Business planning Case study – Worksheet Before starting this worksheet, make sure you have thoroughly read the case material.

Premium Jeans Essay - 1083 Words

PrSummary: This case study talks about the slowdown in the premium jeans market. The first slowdown was in 2007, after that time premium jeans never the same. Between 2008 and 2010 the premium denim prices fell 10-15 percent over this time period. There were different tactics these premium denim designers including 7 for mankind, True Religion, Diesel, Joe Jeans and Levi Strauss tried to attempt to maintain their positions. Some did this by lowering the price of jeans, creating lower priced jeans (i.e. recession collection and jeggings), creating more brands and stores. This case study also talked about the major effects that things like economic issues (i.e. the recession) and rising cotton prices (due to low stockpiles, heavy rains and†¦show more content†¦Diesel’s revenue not only came from making jeans it also came from producing products like wine, cars, fragrances, sun glasses, shoes, and watches. Does True Religion enjoy a competitive advantage in the segment? If so, is its advantage sustainable? I would say that True Religion enjoy a competitive advantage in the segment because this was a company that had been through a slowdown in sales then rose then fell again. Within the times of falling revenue the company still managed to develop strategies so that it wouldn’t end up like other companies such as rock amp; republic that filed for bankruptcy. Even when this brand first started out it had a competitive advantage over 7 for all mankind that only offered 2 basic styles of jeans, True Religion offered 5 styles. Then overtime True Religion became â€Å"one of the highest priced on the market with an average selling point of $196 for woman’s jeans and $192 for men’s jeans in 2009†. This gives give the True Religion brand jeans the sustainability that it needs to stay ahead. 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Assesment of Victory and Defeat in the Cuban Missile Crisis

INTRODUCTION The closest the world has come to nuclear war was the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. The Soviets had installed nuclear missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles off the coast of the United States. U.S. armed forces were at their highest state of readiness and demanded that the Soviet Union remove these missiles and imposed a naval blockade on Cuba, threatening to sink any Soviet ships that approached the island without permitting their cargoes to be inspected. Soviet field commanders in Cuba were authorized to use tactical nuclear weapons if invaded by the U.S. The fate of millions literally hinged upon the decisions of two men, President John F. Kennedy and Premier Nikita Khrushchev. The crisis escalated and reached a†¦show more content†¦Ever since the failed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, Castro felt a second attack was inevitable. Consequently, he approved of Khrushchevs plan to place missiles on the island. In the summer of 1962 the Soviet Union worked quickly and secre tly to build its missile installations in Cuba. For the United States, the crisis began on October 15, 1962 when photographs revealed Soviet missiles under construction in Cuba. The next day, President John Kennedy was informed of the missile installations. Kennedy immediately organized the EX-COMM; a group of his twelve most important advisors to handle the crisis. After seven days of guarded and intense debate within his government, Kennedy concluded to impose a naval quarantine around Cuba. He wished to prevent the arrival of more Soviet offensive weapons on the island. On October 22, Kennedy announced the discovery of the missile installations to the public and his decision to quarantine the island. He also proclaimed that any nuclear missile launched from Cuba would be regarded as an attack on the United States by the Soviet Union and demanded that the Soviets remove all of their offensive weapons from Cuba6. During the public phase of the Crisis, tensions began to build on both sides. Then on the 26th EX-COMM heard from Khrushchev in an impassioned letter. He proposed removing Soviet missiles if the U.S. would guarantee not to